Key Similarities and Differences
Both are the highest degree a nurse can earn. For either one you need a bachelor of science in nursing (BSN), an active unencumbered RN license, and clinical experience before admission.
The difference is what they prepare you to do. DNP programs build leaders for clinical settings. PhD programs build scholars for academic and research positions.
What a DNP Is
The DNP is for nurses who want to become experts in clinical practice. It is the practice-focused alternative to a research doctorate, giving you the training to work at the top of the field.
What a PhD in Nursing Is
The PhD prepares you for academia or research. Graduates take faculty roles or run studies in research and laboratory settings.
Major Comparisons
| Points to Consider | DNP | PhD in Nursing |
|---|---|---|
| Length of Programs | 2-4 years | 4-6 years |
| Certification Options | Pediatrics, Neonatal, Psychiatric-Mental Health, Clinical Nurse Midwife, Women's Health | Education, Public Health Policy, Healthcare Innovation |
| Core Competencies | Scientific underpinnings for practice, organization and systems leadership, information systems and patient care technology, healthcare policy, interprofessional collaboration, clinical prevention, population health, advanced nursing practice | Research development, critique of theories and literature, research design, research ethics, measurement and sources of error, analytical approaches, secondary data and informatics, grant and proposal writing, scientific communication, diversity and equity, cross-disciplinary teamwork, leadership |
| Average Annual Salary | $116,000 | $108,000 |
Source: Payscale
Duties and Responsibilities
The two roles are fundamentally different. The DNP focuses on clinical work. The PhD focuses on research and education. DNPs are more likely to work with patients, while PhD graduates teach nurses and analyze practice.
What You Can Do With a DNP
DNP holders are expert clinicians prepared for the highest level of practice. You can move into leadership and administration (nurse administrator, public health, healthcare policy, informatics), nursing education (clinical nurse specialist, nurse educator), or direct clinical care (certified registered nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner).
Depending on your role, responsibilities may include:
- Diagnosing and treating patients
- Prescribing medications
- Ordering diagnostic tests
- Handling patient complaints
- Consulting on complex cases
- Implementing policy changes
Some DNP tracks, such as clinical nurse specialist and nurse educator, do not carry authorization for all of the above.
What You Can Do With a PhD in Nursing
PhD nurses work in education and research. They design studies and conduct research on clinical practice, nursing education, health systems, and public policy, and they find work in academic, business, or government settings. With a PhD you can:
- Design, conduct, and publish research
- Develop new nursing knowledge and methods
- Use research results to improve outcomes
- Write proposals and apply for grants
- Mentor and advise students
- Build curriculum for nursing courses
Education Prerequisites
Both degrees expect an undergraduate degree, an active nursing license, and certain academic benchmarks.
How to Earn a DNP
You need a BSN or master of science in nursing (MSN) from an accredited institution, a GPA of at least 3.0, and an active license. Once enrolled, you choose an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) role: clinical nurse practitioner (CNP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified nurse-midwife (CNM), or certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA). CNPs and CNSs then pick a population focus such as neonatal, pediatrics, women's health, or psychiatric-mental health. Most DNP candidates carry a research or capstone project through the whole program.
Programs run 2-4 years, faster full-time than part-time. Coursework covers informatics, health policy, healthcare delivery systems, evidence-based practice, and project management. You complete 1,000 clinical hours, 500 of which can transfer from a previous master's that resulted in national certification. Transferred hours are becoming more common as programs like CRNA move from MSN to DNP-only.
How to Earn a PhD in Nursing
You need a BSN or MSN from an accredited program, a 3.0 to 3.5 minimum GPA, and an active license, plus a CV, professional references, and a personal statement. Programs run 4-6 years depending on full- or part-time status. The curriculum centers on theory, analysis, and statistics, with courses in grant writing, research design, and research methods. PhD candidates do not complete clinical hours.
Salary and Career Outlook
Both degrees raise your earning potential, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects steady demand for advanced-practice nurses over the next decade. Degree type, specialization, and population focus drive both pay and demand.
$116,000 Average Annual DNP Salary
$108,000 Average Annual PhD in Nursing Salary
DNP Salary and Career Outlook
The average DNP salary runs about $116,000, but specialization moves it sharply. CRNAs average $223,210 per year (BLS, May 2024), the highest of any DNP path, while pediatrics DNPs earn about $116,000. The CRNA path is also among the most in demand: BLS projects the nurse anesthetist, nurse midwife, and nurse practitioner category to grow 35% from 2024 to 2034, far above the 3% average for all occupations.
Experience matters too. Entry-level pediatric NPs earn about $104,894 (Payscale, October 2025), while CRNAs with more than 20 years of experience can earn upwards of $194,353 depending on specialty.
PhD in Nursing Salary and Career Outlook
PhD salaries also vary by focus. Nurse educators with a PhD can earn upwards of $125,930 annually, according to the BLS. Educators benefit most from current demand: the American Association of Colleges of Nursing reports that nursing schools turned away 65,766 qualified applicants in 2023, largely because of the faculty shortage. Many states now offer incentives for nurses who move into teaching.
Which Degree Is Right for You
It comes down to your goals. The DNP leads to clinical and leadership work in hospitals, specialty practices, and public health offices. The PhD leads to teaching and research in colleges, research facilities, laboratories, and government agencies. Both are in high demand with above-average pay; they differ mainly in time commitment and day-to-day responsibilities. Want hands-on clinical or leadership work? Go DNP. Want to teach or build new nursing knowledge? Go PhD.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is a DNP higher than a PhD in nursing?
Neither outranks the other. Both are terminal degrees, the highest a nurse can earn. They train you for different work: the DNP for expert clinical practice and clinical leadership, the PhD for research and faculty roles.
Which takes longer, a DNP or a PhD?
The PhD usually takes longer. DNP programs run about 2-4 years; PhD programs run about 4-6 years, depending on full- or part-time enrollment and whether you enter with a BSN or an MSN.
Does a DNP or PhD pay more?
It depends far more on the role than the letters. A DNP working as a CRNA earns a median of $223,210 (BLS, May 2024), the top of any nursing path, while a PhD in a faculty role earns less but enjoys strong demand. Averages for the degrees themselves sit near $116,000 (DNP) and $108,000 (PhD) per Payscale.
Do you need a DNP or PhD to teach nursing?
Either can lead to a faculty role, and demand is high. AACN reports nursing schools turned away 65,766 qualified applicants in 2023, largely because of a faculty shortage. The PhD is the traditional research-and-teaching doctorate; many DNP holders also teach, especially in clinical courses.
Can you become a nurse practitioner with a PhD?
Not through the PhD itself. NP practice requires advanced-practice clinical training and certification, which the practice-focused DNP (or an MSN) provides. The PhD is a research degree and does not include the clinical hours or certification pathway for NP licensure.
Is the job outlook strong for both?
Yes. BLS projects the nurse anesthetist, nurse midwife, and nurse practitioner category to grow 35% from 2024 to 2034, and the faculty shortage keeps demand high for PhD-prepared educators.